HTTP原理

安装nmap

sudo apt-get install nmap

通过TCP测试ncat

• 同时打开两个命令窗口

  • 左边的充当服务器,打开9999端口

    • ncat -l 9999

• 右边访问本地服务器9999端口

  • ncat localhost 9999

• 在左边窗口输入句子,右边可显示

架设第一台服务器

• 将自己所写的网页文件放入一个文件夹中

• 在控制台进入次文件夹

  • python3 -m http.server 9999

    • 创建一个本地服务器

• 如果是在自己的本地Linux电脑,可在浏览器直接输入:

  • http://localhost:9999

    • 访问你所上传的网页

• 因我是使用的树莓派进行练习,通过ssh连接,所以需要在浏览器输入,树莓派的ip地址访问:

  • http://192.168.43.120:9999

• 网页有访问时,服务器有相应操作记录

localhost与端口

• 利用host查看本地服务:

  • host localhost

• 端口

  • http默认端口:80
  • https默认端口:443

通过ncat手动get网页

• 在当前控制台保持服务器状态,打开新控制台

  • ncat 127.0.0.1 8000

• 在右侧输入:

  • GET /HTTP/1.1

  • 再输入:

    • Host: localhost

    • 敲两次回车确认

状态码

1xx: 消息

• 100: Continue
• 101: Switching Protocols
• 102: Processing

2xx: 成功

• 200: OK
• 201: Created
• 202: Accepted
• 203: Non-Authoritative Information
• 204: No Content
• 205: Reset Content
• 206: Partial Content
• 207: Multi-Status
• 208: Already Reported
• 226: IM Used

3xx重定向

• 300: Multiple Choices
• 301: Moved Permanently
• 302: Found
• 303: See Other
• 304: Not Modified
• 305: Use Proxy
• 306: Switch Proxy
• 307: Temporary Redirect
• 308: Permanent Redirect

4xx客户端错误

• 400: Bad Request
• 401: Unauthorized
• 402: Payment Required
• 403: Forbidden
• 404: Not Found
• 405: Method Not Allowed
• 406: Not Acceptable
• 407: Proxy Authentication Required
• 408: Request Timeout
• 409: Conflict
• 410: Gone
• 411: Length Required
• 412: Precondition Failed
• 413: Request Entity Too Large
• 414: Request-URI Too Long
• 415: Unsupported Media Type
• 416: Requested Range Not Satisfiable
• 417: Expectation Failed
• 418: I'm a teapot
• 420: Enhance Your Caim
• 421: Misdirected Request
• 422: Unprocessable Entity
• 423: Locked
• 424: Failed Dependency
• 425: Unordered Collection
• 426: Upgrade Required
• 428: Precondition Required
• 429: Too Many Requests
• 431: Request Header Fields Too Large
• 444: No Response
• 450: Blocked by Windows Parental Controls
• 451: Unavailable For Legal Reasons
• 494: Request Header Too Large

5xx服务器错误

• 500: Internal Server Error
• 501: Not Implemented
• 502: Bad Gateway
• 503: Service Unavailable
• 504: Gateway Timeout
• 505: HTTP Version Not Supported
• 506: Variant Also Negotiates
• 507: Insufficient Storage
• 508: Loop Detected
• 510: Not Extended
• 511: Network Authentication Required

非官方状态码

• 420: Enhance Your Calm
• 498: Invalid Token
• 499: Token Required
• 520: Unknown Error
• 521: Web Server Is Down

将用户重定向

• 创建服务器

  • ncat -l 9999

• 在浏览器访问此端口

  • http://localhost:9999

• 在命令窗口输入:

  • HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
    Location: https://www.akitten.cn

  • 敲两次回车,进行重定向

通过class代替手动输入

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header('Content_type','text/plain;charset=utf-8')
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write("Hello every, I am chenxiao,I am a AI server~
".encode())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server_address=('',9999)
    httpd=HTTPServer(server_address,Handler)
    httpd.serve_forever()

跑一下手写的服务

• 转到.py文件所在的目录

python3 文件.py

• 浏览器访问

搜索查询网址

• 利用python将搜索的网址进行拆分

  • from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
    #导入库
    #复制网址
    url = "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D"
    parts = urlparse(url)
    print(parts)
    print(parts.query)
    query = parse_qs(parts.query)
    print(query)

  • ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='cn.bing.com', path='/search', params='', query='q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D', fragment='')
    q=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%83%B3%E5%90%83%E7%B3%96&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=%2B%E6%B2%89%E6%BD%87%E5%85%88%E7%94%9Fx%27c%27t&sc=0-10&sk=&cvid=F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D
    {'q': ['+沉潇先生想吃糖'], 'qs': ['n'], 'form': ['QBRE'], 'sp': ['-1'], 'pq': ["+沉潇先生x'c't"], 'sc': ['0-10'], 'cvid': ['F8240A97F07E4D1A8D01FD24E57E758D']}